Dentists Against Drowsy Driving
Overview
The American Academy of Dental Sleep Medicine (AADSM) established “Dentists Against Drowsy Driving” to raise awareness among healthcare communities and the public about the dangers of untreated obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). This sleep disorder has alarming healthcare and economic risks and requires attention.
Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) is a common symptom of OSA. It can increase a person’s risk for deadly motor vehicle accidents by 15 times.
Motor vehicle accidents due to “drowsy driving” account for $48 billion in medical costs each year. Sleepiness in today’s workplace causes another $150 billion in lost productivity and mistakes.
Drowsy driving can be as dangerous as drunk driving. Current legislation recommends that commercial drivers get screened and treated for sleep apnea. But there are many non-commercial drivers who do not know that they have OSA.
Sleep apnea can cause hypertension, stroke, heart attack, and sudden death during sleep. OSA increases one’s risk for diabetes, obesity, and depression. It can also cause memory problems, morning headaches, irritability, decreased libido, and impaired concentration.
According to a 2006 report released by the Institute of Medicine, 50 to 70 million Americans suffer from chronic sleep disorders.
The American Academy of Sleep Medicine estimates that 18 million Americans have OSA. Unfortunately, 80 to 90 percent of these people are undiagnosed and untreated.
We ask that you read the following information. If the risk factors or warning signs sound familiar, a sleep specialist can test you for sleep apnea. Once diagnosed, sleep apnea may be easily treated .
Help protect yourself, your loved ones and your fellow travelers.
Sleep-Related Breathing Disorders
OSA, like snoring and upper airway resistance syndrome (UARS), is a sleep-related breathing disorder (SBD). Snoring and UARS occur when the airway is partially constricted. The snoring sound is a result of a collapsed airway. The reduced size of the opening causes the tissues to vibrate, producing the sound.
OSA occurs when the airway partially or completely collapses for 10 to 30 seconds, sometimes for a minute or longer. These collapses can happen hundreds of times a night, reducing a person’s blood-oxygen levels.
When a collapse occurs, the brain wakes the person up to breathe, though they may not know it. This fragmented sleep can lead to daytime sleepiness.
Snoring is a common symptom of sleep apnea. But not everyone who snores has sleep apnea. According to the AASM, habitual snoring affects an estimated 24 percent of adult women and 40 percent of adult men. Approximately one-half of people who snore loudly have sleep apnea. OSA patients often make choking or gasping sounds when they wake up to breathe. This noise can help spouses recognize a breathing problem.
Anyone can have a SBD. Risk factors include obesity, large neck sizes, alcohol, tobacco smoke, and Down Syndrome. Risk increases with age and weight. OSA is more common in men.
Diagnostic testing
OSA is diagnosed by overnight polysomnography. This test is also known as a sleep study. It is performed by a sleep physician at a sleep center.
The study measures a person’s Apnea-Hypopnea Index (AHI) using electrodes. An AHI is the average number of partial and complete breaks in breathing that occur per hour of sleep.
Different AHI indicate different levels of sleep apnea:
Mild OSA: AHI of 5-15
Moderate OSA: AHI of 15-30
Severe OSA: AHI of more than 30
Dentists are not permitted to diagnose sleep apnea. But they can help screen patients for this serious condition. Dentists see patients on a regular basis, so they can provide questionnaires and advise at-risk patients to visit a sleep center.
More than 180,000 dentists practice in the U.S. Given their large numbers, dentists can help respond to the serious risks of untreated OSA.
Many AADSM members already work with physicians and sleep specialists as part of sleep medicine teams. The AADSM helps educate its members with courses, peer-reviewed journals, and study clubs.
Oral Appliance Therapy and Other Treatments
Members of the AADSM have pioneered the scientific research and clinical development of dental sleep medicine (DSM). DSM is the focus of dentistry that addresses OSA. Oral appliance therapy (OAT) and upper-airway surgery are two ways dentists can treat sleep apnea.
OAT includes the selection, fabrication, fitting, and long-term follow-up care of custom-designed oral devices. These appliances are worn during sleep to move the lower jaw and tongue forward, opening the person’s airway. They look similar to sports mouth guards.
Every OSA patient has specific needs. Dentists are trained to select which oral appliance is right for his or her patient and adjust it for the best results. A dentist will continue to monitor a patient’s treatment and may ask the patient to go for a follow-up sleep study to ensure that the therapy is working.
OAT is a safe and effective alternative to Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP). While CPAP is the gold standard of OSA treatment, up to 50 percent of OSA patients cannot tolerate it.
Oral Appliance Therapy is indicated as a first-line treatment for mild to moderate OSA (Sleep 2006:29;240-243).
OAT should be performed by a dentist trained in dental sleep medicine.
OAT may be combined with CPAP. It can also be used with behavioral therapy to treat sleep apnea. Behavior therapy may involve sleeping on one’s side, quitting smoking, losing weight, or avoiding alcohol.
Upper-airway surgery can also be an effective treatment for some, but not all OSA patients. Dentists specializing in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery perform it. Learn more about surgical options here.
via American Academy of Dental Sleep Medicine.